{"id":10377,"date":"2025-02-20T18:47:57","date_gmt":"2025-02-20T17:47:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sozo.cz\/?p=10377"},"modified":"2025-02-20T18:47:57","modified_gmt":"2025-02-20T17:47:57","slug":"kolik-bylo-v-prvnich-peti-stoleti-cirkevnich-otcu-od-kterych-jsou-pisemne-materialy-o-tom-jestli-verili-ve-spaseni-vsech","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sozo.cz\/?p=10377","title":{"rendered":"Kolik bylo v prvn\u00edch p\u011bti stolet\u00ed c\u00edrkevn\u00edch otc\u016f, od kter\u00fdch jsou p\u00edsemn\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly o tom, jestli v\u011b\u0159ili ve spasen\u00ed v\u0161ech?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Pokra\u010duji s AI. Ot\u00e1zka: Kolik bylo v prvn\u00edch p\u011bti stolet\u00ed c\u00edrkevn\u00edch otc\u016f, od kter\u00fdch jsou p\u00edsemn\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly? Pros\u00edm ke ka\u017ed\u00e9mu, kdy a kde \u017eil, 1 v\u011btu o jeho \u017eivot\u011b a jednu v\u011btu o tom, jestli v\u011b\u0159ili ve spasen\u00ed v\u0161ech (apokatastasis).<\/p>\n

V prvn\u00edch p\u011bti stolet\u00edch existovalo mnoho c\u00edrkevn\u00edch otc\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed zanechali p\u00edsemn\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly. Zde je seznam v\u00fdznamn\u00fdch osobnost\u00ed s informacemi o jejich \u017eivot\u011b a n\u00e1zorech na apokatastasi:<\/p>\n

\"Obr\u00e1zek,
Augustin<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Klement \u0158\u00edmsk\u00fd (1. stolet\u00ed, \u0158\u00edm, It\u00e1lie)<\/strong>
\nByl jedn\u00edm z prvn\u00edch biskup\u016f \u0158\u00edma a autor slavn\u00e9ho Listu Klementova
\nO apokatastasi se v jeho d\u00edlech v\u00fdslovn\u011b nemluv\u00ed, zd\u016fraz\u0148uje v\u0161ak Bo\u017e\u00ed milosrdenstv\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Ign\u00e1c Antiochijsk\u00fd (35\u2013107, Antiochie, S\u00fdrie)<\/strong>
\nBiskup Antiochie, mu\u010dedn\u00edk, autor sedmi dopis\u016f b\u011bhem sv\u00e9 cesty na popravu v \u0158\u00edm\u011b.
\nO univerz\u00e1ln\u00ed sp\u00e1se se nezmi\u0148uje, kladl d\u016fraz na v\u011brnost c\u00edrkvi a Eucharistii.<\/p>\n

Polykarp ze Smyrny (69\u2013155, Smyrna, Mal\u00e1 Asie)<\/strong>
\nU\u010dedn\u00edk apo\u0161tola Jana, biskup Smyrny, mu\u010dedn\u00edk up\u00e1len\u00fd za v\u00edru.
\nO apokatastasi se v jeho dochovan\u00fdch d\u00edlech p\u0159\u00edmo nehovo\u0159\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Justinus Mu\u010dedn\u00edk (100\u2013165, Palestina, \u0158\u00edm)<\/strong>
\nFilozof a apologeta, obh\u00e1jce k\u0159es\u0165anstv\u00ed proti pohan\u016fm a \u017did\u016fm.
\nO univerz\u00e1ln\u00ed sp\u00e1se se p\u0159\u00edmo nevyjad\u0159uje, zd\u016fraz\u0148uje svobodnou v\u016fli a spravedlnost Bo\u017e\u00edho soudu.<\/p>\n

Irenej z Lyonu (130\u2013202, Mal\u00e1 Asie, Galie)<\/strong>
\nBiskup Lyonu, bojovn\u00edk proti gnosticismu, autor Proti herez\u00edm.
\nV\u011b\u0159il v Bo\u017e\u00ed obnovu stvo\u0159en\u00ed, ale nikoli v univerz\u00e1ln\u00ed sp\u00e1su v\u0161ech.<\/p>\n

Tertuli\u00e1n (160\u2013220, Kart\u00e1go, Afrika)<\/strong>
\nPr\u00e1vn\u00edk a teolog, zakladatel latinsk\u00e9 k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00e9 teologie, p\u0159e\u0161el k montanismu.
\nOst\u0159e odm\u00edtal univerz\u00e1ln\u00ed sp\u00e1su, v\u011b\u0159il ve v\u011b\u010dn\u00fd trest pro h\u0159\u00ed\u0161n\u00edky.<\/p>\n

Klement Alexandrijsk\u00fd (150\u2013215, Egypt, Alexandrie)<\/strong>
\nVedl alexandrijskou katechetickou \u0161kolu, syntetizoval \u0159eckou filozofii a k\u0159es\u0165anstv\u00ed.
\nNazna\u010doval mo\u017enost kone\u010dn\u00e9 obnovy v\u0161ech du\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Origenes (185\u2013253, Alexandrie, Kaisareia)<\/strong>
\nNejvlivn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed teolog ran\u00e9 c\u00edrkve, koment\u00e1tor Bible, ovlivnil v\u00fdchodn\u00ed teologii.
\nSiln\u011b zast\u00e1val apokatastasi, v\u011b\u0159il v kone\u010dn\u00e9 sm\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed v\u0161ech s Bohem.<\/p>\n

Cypri\u00e1n z Kart\u00e1ga (200\u2013258, Kart\u00e1go, Afrika)<\/strong>
\nBiskup a mu\u010dedn\u00edk, d\u016fraz na jednotu c\u00edrkve a autoritu biskup\u016f.
\nNepodporoval univerz\u00e1ln\u00ed sp\u00e1su, varoval p\u0159ed v\u011b\u010dn\u00fdm trestem.<\/p>\n

Athanasius Alexandrijsk\u00fd (296\u2013373, Alexandrie, Egypt)<\/strong>
\nObr\u00e1nce nicejsk\u00e9ho vyzn\u00e1n\u00ed proti arianismu, biskup Alexandrie.
\nNepodporoval apokatastasi, kladl d\u016fraz na v\u00fdznam vykoupen\u00ed Kristem.<\/p>\n

Basilius Velik\u00fd (330\u2013379, Kappadokie, Mal\u00e1 Asie)<\/strong>
\nZakladatel v\u00fdchodn\u00edho mni\u0161stv\u00ed, obr\u00e1nce pravov\u011b\u0159\u00ed proti ari\u00e1n\u016fm.
\nPravd\u011bpodobn\u011b nev\u011b\u0159il v apokatastasi, zd\u016fraz\u0148oval odpov\u011bdnost za h\u0159\u00edch.<\/p>\n

\u0158eho\u0159 z Nyssy (335\u2013395, Kappadokie, Mal\u00e1 Asie)<\/strong>
\nMystik, teolog, autor hlubok\u00fdch spis\u016f o Bohu a du\u0161i.
\nV\u00fdznamn\u00fd zast\u00e1nce apokatastase, v\u011b\u0159il v kone\u010dn\u00e9 obnoven\u00ed v\u0161ech bytost\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Jan Zlato\u00fast\u00fd (347\u2013407, Antiochie, Konstantinopol)<\/strong>
\nVynikaj\u00edc\u00ed kazatel, biskup Konstantinopole, exilov\u00e1n kv\u016fli spor\u016fm s c\u00edsa\u0159ovnou.
\nZd\u016fraz\u0148oval nebezpe\u010d\u00ed v\u011b\u010dn\u00e9ho zatracen\u00ed, nehl\u00e1sal univerz\u00e1ln\u00ed sp\u00e1su.<\/p>\n

Augustin z Hippo (354\u2013430, Hippo, Afrika)<\/strong>
\nNejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed latinsk\u00fd teolog, zd\u016fraz\u0148oval milost, predestinaci a boj proti herez\u00edm.
\nOdm\u00edtal apokatastasi, v\u011b\u0159il ve v\u011b\u010dn\u00e9 zatracen\u00ed h\u0159\u00ed\u0161n\u00edk\u016f.<\/p>\n

Cyril Alexandrijsk\u00fd (376\u2013444, Alexandrie, Egypt)<\/strong>
\nVedl teologick\u00e9 boje proti Nestoriovi, definoval Marii jako Bohorodi\u010dku.
\nNepodporoval apokatastasi, zd\u016fraz\u0148oval sp\u00e1su skrze c\u00edrkev.<\/p>\n

Maximus Vyznava\u010d (580\u2013662, Konstantinopol, \u0158\u00edm)<\/strong>
\nMystik, teolog a bojovn\u00edk proti monotheletismu.
\nP\u0159ipou\u0161t\u011bl mo\u017enost kone\u010dn\u00e9ho sm\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed, ale ne jako dogma.<\/p>\n

Tento seznam ukazuje, \u017ee zat\u00edmco n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed otcov\u00e9 nazna\u010dovali mo\u017enost univerz\u00e1ln\u00ed sp\u00e1sy (Origenes, \u0158eho\u0159 z Nyssy, Klement Alexandrijsk\u00fd), v\u011bt\u0161ina c\u00edrkevn\u00edch otc\u016f v\u011b\u0159ila v existenci v\u011b\u010dn\u00e9ho zatracen\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Odkazuji je\u0161t\u011b na star\u0161\u00ed \u010dl\u00e1nek, kter\u00fd nen\u00ed vytvo\u0159en AI, ale je to v\u00fdtah my\u0161lenek na toto t\u00e9ma od Hansona.<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Pokra\u010duji s AI. Ot\u00e1zka: Kolik bylo v prvn\u00edch p\u011bti stolet\u00ed c\u00edrkevn\u00edch otc\u016f, od kter\u00fdch jsou p\u00edsemn\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly? Pros\u00edm ke ka\u017ed\u00e9mu, kdy a kde \u017eil, 1 v\u011btu o jeho \u017eivot\u011b a jednu v\u011btu o tom, jestli v\u011b\u0159ili ve spasen\u00ed v\u0161ech (apokatastasis). V prvn\u00edch p\u011bti stolet\u00edch existovalo mnoho c\u00edrkevn\u00edch otc\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed zanechali […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[116],"tags":[99],"class_list":["post-10377","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-universalismus","tag-nepekelna-bible"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sozo.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10377","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sozo.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sozo.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sozo.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sozo.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=10377"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/sozo.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10377\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10378,"href":"https:\/\/sozo.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10377\/revisions\/10378"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sozo.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=10377"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sozo.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=10377"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sozo.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=10377"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}