<\/a>Zunger,<\/p>\n\n\n\n\u201etolerance nen\u00ed mor\u00e1ln\u00ed z\u00e1sada, ale spole\u010densk\u00e1 smlouva.\u201c<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Je to praktick\u00fd r\u00e1mec sou\u017eit\u00ed, v n\u011bm\u017e se lid\u00e9 zavazuj\u00ed, \u017ee se budou navz\u00e1jem respektovat jako rovn\u00ed, \u017ee spolu povedou spor slovy a \u017ee nikdo nebude uml\u010dov\u00e1n jen proto, \u017ee je nepohodln\u00fd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ka\u017ed\u00e1 smlouva m\u00e1 v\u0161ak sv\u00e9 podm\u00ednky. Funguje jen tehdy, pokud ji v\u0161ichni \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edci dodr\u017euj\u00ed. Kdo ji za\u010dne systematicky poru\u0161ovat \u2014 t\u00edm, \u017ee druh\u00fdm up\u00edr\u00e1 rovnost, pop\u00edr\u00e1 jejich pr\u00e1vo mluvit nebo ni\u010d\u00ed samotnou mo\u017enost dialogu \u2014 nep\u0159est\u00e1v\u00e1 b\u00fdt \u201etolerov\u00e1n\u201c. P\u0159est\u00e1v\u00e1 b\u00fdt \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edkem smlouvy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Z tohoto pohledu nen\u00ed paradox tolerance paradoxem. Nen\u00ed rozporem netolerovat netoleranci, ale rozporem cht\u00edt udr\u017eet smlouvu s n\u011bk\u00fdm, kdo ji vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 k jej\u00edmu rozbit\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Zunger upozor\u0148uje, \u017ee tolerovat netoleranci neznamen\u00e1 b\u00fdt velkorys\u00fd, ale rozpustit samotn\u00fd r\u00e1mec, kter\u00fd umo\u017e\u0148uje, aby tolerance v\u016fbec existovala. Netolerance se neprojevuje t\u00edm, \u017ee n\u011bkdo \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 nepohodln\u00e9 v\u011bci, ale t\u00edm, \u017ee odm\u00edt\u00e1 rovnost a vz\u00e1jemnost, na nich\u017e dohoda stoj\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Jedn\u00edm z nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edch omyl\u016f dne\u0161n\u00edch debat je z\u00e1m\u011bna nesouhlasu za netoleranci. Nesouhlas nen\u00ed hrozbou tolerance \u2014 je jej\u00edm d\u016fkazem. Spole\u010dnost bez konfliktu nen\u00ed tolerantn\u00ed, ale uml\u010den\u00e1. Netolerance neza\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 u n\u00e1zoru, ale u moci rozhodovat, kdo sm\u00ed mluvit a kdo u\u017e ne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Tento r\u00e1mec odpov\u00edd\u00e1 i tomu, co m\u011bl na mysli filozof Karl Popper, kdy\u017e formuloval paradox tolerance. Popper v\u00fdslovn\u011b upozor\u0148oval, \u017ee dokud je mo\u017en\u00e1 racion\u00e1ln\u00ed diskuse, m\u00e1 b\u00fdt vedena. Z\u00e1sah je opr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00fd teprve tehdy, kdy\u017e druh\u00e1 strana dialog odm\u00edt\u00e1 nebo jej systematicky ni\u010d\u00ed. Ne kv\u016fli obsahu n\u00e1zoru, ale kv\u016fli \u00fatoku na samotn\u00fd prostor debaty.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Kdy\u017e se dnes paradox tolerance pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 jako zkratka pro vylu\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed, ztr\u00e1c\u00ed sv\u016fj smysl. M\u00edsto ochrany otev\u0159en\u00e9ho prostoru se st\u00e1v\u00e1 n\u00e1strojem moci. Tolerance se pak m\u011bn\u00ed v privilegium, kter\u00e9 je ud\u011blov\u00e1no shora \u2014 a odn\u00edm\u00e1no t\u011bm, kdo se znel\u00edb\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Tolerance v\u0161ak nen\u00ed odm\u011bna za spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 n\u00e1zory. Je to vz\u00e1jemn\u00fd z\u00e1vazek, \u017ee spor povede dialog, nikoli n\u00e1tlak. Jakmile tento z\u00e1vazek zmiz\u00ed, nezanik\u00e1 tolerance \u2014 zanik\u00e1 dohoda, kter\u00e1 ji umo\u017e\u0148ovala.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
A pr\u00e1v\u011b to je skute\u010dn\u00e9 varov\u00e1n\u00ed paradoxu tolerance:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
ne p\u0159ed nepohodln\u00fdmi hlasy, ale p\u0159ed spole\u010dnost\u00ed, kter\u00e1 zapomene, \u017ee tolerance bez rovnosti a dialogu nen\u00ed toleranc\u00ed v\u016fbec.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Paradox tolerance miz\u00ed ve chv\u00edli, kdy se na toleranci p\u0159estaneme d\u00edvat jako na mor\u00e1ln\u00ed ide\u00e1l a za\u010dneme ji ch\u00e1pat jako dohodu mezi lidmi. Tolerance nen\u00ed laskavost ani povinnost sn\u00e1\u0161et cokoliv. Jak napsal Yonatan Zunger, \u201etolerance nen\u00ed mor\u00e1ln\u00ed z\u00e1sada, ale spole\u010densk\u00e1 smlouva.\u201c Je to praktick\u00fd r\u00e1mec sou\u017eit\u00ed, v n\u011bm\u017e se lid\u00e9 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[34],"class_list":["post-10501","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-clanky","tag-sozo"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sozo.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10501","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sozo.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sozo.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sozo.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sozo.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=10501"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/sozo.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10501\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10502,"href":"https:\/\/sozo.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10501\/revisions\/10502"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sozo.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=10501"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sozo.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=10501"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sozo.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=10501"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}